Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer - 3785 Words

Breast Cancer 3 Running Head: Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Abstract Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in cancer patients all over the world. Tumor node- metastasis (TNM) is a standard staging system for breast cancer. TNM staging system also provides the basis for the prognosis for breast cancer. The prognosis for breast cancer is majorly based on two factors; tumor size and biological factors. However, these factors have been further divided into subdivisions and have been discussed. In this paper the stages of breast cancer have been discussed along with the prognosis of breast cancer in detail. Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Introduction It has been found that nearly 1.3 million women are suffering from breast cancer all over the world. There are different stages of breast cancer starting from 0 to IV. Cancer staging systems are intended to provide information on prognosis and to guide clinicians in treatment planning (Greene, 2002)(1). Traditionally, breast cancer has been staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and is known as the Tumor node- metastasis (TNM) system. Developed in 1959, this system has been periodically updated to reflect new knowledge regarding the relationship between disease extent and prognosis, ensuring that the system maintains clinical relevance (Edge, 2009)(2). The various possible combinations of tumor, node, and metastasis status are divided intoShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancers are classified by several classifications as: - Histopathology - Grades - Stages - Receptor status. Each of these influences the prognosis and can affect treatment response. Description of a breast cancer optimally includes all of these factors: †¢ Histopathology: Breast cancer is usually classified primarily by its histological appearance. Most breast cancers are derived from the epithelium lining the ducts or lobules, and these cancers are classified as ductal or lobular carcinomaRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer along with many other cancers are being researched daily to find new treatments. With all the new research, it is possible to see high survival rates and lower reoccurrence rate. Many are benefiting from the new treatments that are being discovered. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and the advancements that have been made are remarkable. There are different types of breast cancer that could be used in planning treatment and new therapies. Authors of MayoRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer in The United States: The Role of Diagnostic Imaging in Early Detection and Treatments Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women in the United States. In the early 20th century, radiography was first used to image breast tissue from mastectomy specimens to study breast cancer (BrCa). It was not until the 1960s when technological advancements in mammography became significant enough that regular mammographic screening exams became suitable for the general populationRead MoreBreast Cancer Is A Fascinating Disease That Takes The Life1318 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a fascinating disease that takes the life of thousands of women every year. It is one of the leading causes of death for women in their middle ages. First, the definition of cancer is uncontrolled division of cells cancerous cells in the body. Therefore, breast cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells in the breasts. Breast cancer has been noted in history for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks first discovered the disease about 3,500 years ago (Mandal, 2013)Read MoreCauses And Treatment Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer1063 Words   |  5 PagesInflammatory Breast cancer, also known as IBC, is a rare type of cancer that attacks the body violently. The cancer cells block lymphatic vessels so the breast looks inflamed which is where it gets its name. IBC is one to five percent of breast cancer diagnosed in the United States. In a matter of weeks to months Inflammatory breast cancer is already at stage III or IV at time of diagnosis. It seems to be diagnosed at a younger age than most breast cancers. The median age is fifty-seven for IBCRead MoreTriple Negative Breast Cancer Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Triple-negative breast cancers constitute about 15% of all cases, but despite their higher response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumors are very aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis as well as a higher risk of early recurrence. This study was retrospectively performed on 101 patients with stage II and III invasive breast cancer who received 6–8 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Out of the total, 23 were in the triple negative breast cancer subgroup. Nuclear Ki-67 expressionRead MoreThe And Clinicopathological Value Of Poly ( Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose ) Polymerase Expression Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesDiphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Weiqiang Qiao Ming Yang* Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China * Corresponding author Ming Yang, MD Address: Tell: Fax: E-mail: yangming.1967@163.com Abstract Background: Previous researches have shown that poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) level was a promising predictor for breast cancer. However, its prognostic value remainsRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is considered as a heterogeneous disorder whose types are variable biologically and associated with various clinical prognoses and therapeutic responses (Burstein et al., 2008). Intrinsic molecular variants of breast cancer, namely luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 positive and basal-like, were found in a complementary DNA microarray study performed on 65 different breast tumors to analyze about 500 genes (Sorlie et al., 2001). These breast cancer variants were commonly approximatedRead MoreThe Fatal Disease of Breast Cancer1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the second most fatal cancer among women today. Breast cancer is when the breast cell’s get out of control and grows too much, then create a tumor, which may or may not be malignant (cancerous). Risk factors are very important information for individuals to know so that there is a clearer picture of the risks. Signs and symptoms are also a part of the information an individual needs to be aware of to aid in the discovery of breast cancer. For women who have been diagnosed