Gender and Leisure essays

Sexual orientation and Leisure expositions Sexual orientation DIFFERENCES IN TERMS OF LEISURE There are numerous ways to deal with characterizing recreation. Numerous dialects, for example, German, Spanish, and Japanese, have no proportional term. Most dialects have some idea of available time. All in all utilization, recreation is our main thing for no particular reason. A marginally progressively advanced form would be that recreation is movement we do principally for the experience. Clearly as the machines do the majority of our work, we will have more relaxation time. At those occasions individuals may like to learn new dialects, discovering increasingly about their societies, voyaging, encountering different nations Mingling will stay a famous part of relaxation in the 21st century. Individual association with relatives, companions, partners and people with normal interests will happen in an assortment of scenes and districts. Note that any type of delight looking for can possibly form into addictive and pointless conduct Mingling will stay a well known part of recreation in the 21st century. Individual connection with relatives, companions, associates and people with normal interests will occur in an assortment of settings and districts. Note that any type of delight looking for can possibly form into addictive and reckless conduct Relaxation exercises fluctuate as indicated by the action itself, time, place, financial status and societies of individuals, and sexual orientation. In this paper, I will attempt to give a perspective about the distinctions in relaxation exercises as per sexual orientation contrasts; I will attempt to investigate how and why sex shapes relaxation and amusement just as how and why relaxation and diversion may propagate or change convictions about sex. There are various desires for ladies and men, as it accomplishes for young ladies and young men. In any event, when similar exercises are empowered, sexual orientation separates st... <!

Effectiveness Of Information Technology On Supply Chain Management

Viability Of Information Technology On Supply Chain Management Flexibly Chain Management is the idea known as the administration of the materials and the data over all the accomplices inside an industry including clients and providers. Gracefully Chain Management presents the activities for upper hands to organizations and it strengthens the utilization of innovation for increasingly precise and quicker correspondence among flexibly chain accomplices. The field of flexibly chain the board has gotten colossally essential to organizations in an undeniably serious worldwide commercial center. The term flexibly anchor alludes to the whole system of organizations that cooperate to configuration, produce, convey, and administration items ( Hausman, 2001) As a rule, the flexibly chain is the arrangement of ventures from providers to end clients. The National Research Council alludes to it is an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦..association of clients and providers who, cooperating yet in their own wellbeing, purchase, convert, convey and sell merchandise and ventures among themselves bringing about the making of a particular final result ( National Resource Council, 2000) As per the Mentzer Supply chain the board is characterized as the fundamental, key coordination of the customary business works inside a specific organization and across organizations inside the flexibly chain, for the motivations behind improving the drawn out exhibition of the individual organizations and the gracefully chain all in all. (Mentzer et al.,2001 in www.emeraldinsight.com) Organizations can't work for themselves and are subsequently consequently part of in any event one gracefully chain. The key members are the makers and their separate providers that team up to make and bolster the final result just as the clients that buy the last mentioned. An average flexibly chain includes the accompanying layers.( Werner, 2002) Essential maker Various levels providers Ones own organization Delegate exchange the type of discount and retail End-clients A gracefully chain is the way toward moving merchandise from the client request through the crude materials stage, flexibly, creation, and appropriation of items to the client. All association have gracefully chains of shifting degrees, contingent on the size of the association and the kind of item fabricated. These systems get supplies and segments, change these materials into completed items and afterward disperse them to the client. Dealing with the chain of occasions in this procedure is what is known as gracefully chain the executives. ( Ligus, 1999) The bullwhip impact is a significant reason for flexibly chains issues. It portrays how little variances sought after at the client level are intensified as requests leave behind the gracefully chain through wholesalers, maker, and providers. For instance think about expendable diapers. Children by and large expend diapers at a pretty much steady rate when accumulated over an enormous gathering of clients. By and by, request changes constantly become impressively bigger as one moves upstream in this gracefully chain. Outcomes of the bullwhip impact can be extreme, including overabundance and fluctuating inventories, deficiencies and stock outs, longer lead times, higher transportation and assembling expenses, and doubt between gracefully chain partners.(Fisher, 1997) The Supply Chain Operation Model (SCOR) was intended to empower organizations to impart, think about and gain from contenders both inside and outside of their industry. It just estimates gracefully chain execution yet additionally adequacy of flexibly chain reengineering. Further it can test and plan future procedure enhancements. The SCOR is a procedure reference model. Procedure reference models incorporate the notable ideas of business process reengineering, benchmarking, and process estimation into a cross useful system( SCC,2001) The assessment of gracefully chain the executives data innovation empowers organizations to coordinate exercises and associations that were already discrete. Inside a bigger association the key component for fashioning new proficient procedures is sharing information between capacities progressively. The goal is to dispose of regulatory undertakings that were create when data must be shared by sending reports between these zones. ( Eloranta, E Holmstrom, J et al., 2001) Data advancements are not, at this point considered as ideal to have rather it is accepted that is an absolute necessity. Whoever utilizes the data innovations adequately in dealing with his business will have increasingly opportunity to prevail in todays world. Catching the essential information is one piece of the race however separating and changing the information into data adequately is the most significant idea. Organizations produce huge measures of information ordinary however they require advance instruments to control the information to arrive at the educational information which assists with dealing with their business. The motivation behind this examination is to present the flexibly chain the executives idea and activities; and point the data innovations utilized here to accomplish the normal advantages from the administration of a gracefully chain. It accentuation how data innovations impact gracefully chain the board and how might it be utilized to deal with the flexibly chain all the more adequately. In this bit of work, the nuts and bolts of Supply chain the executives and the activities of the gracefully chain the executives are being portrayed. The impacts of data advancements, as the inescapable spine of the flexibly chain the board, will be clarified in detail. 3. Method of reasoning for Chosen Topic: Organizations endeavor to improve piece of the pie, develop corporate benefit, and addition key preferred position. So as to accomplish these objectives, gracefully chain competency must be put at the core of a companys plan of action. Firms understand that the opposition is driven by client request. Viable gracefully chain the executives can offer clients great items and administrations with low costs. Powerful SCM can help lower creation and dissemination costs through consistent participation between colleagues in their gracefully chain. The huge retail anchors have battled to a halt in value wars in the course of the most recent decade. Presently they are understanding that the loaning edge IT is a significant weapon in the fight for piece of the overall industry ( Masters) 4. Research Questions: Figuring a progression of inquiries adds lucidity to the exploration procedure. Along these lines, the crucial inquiries for the proposed investigate point are: What are the advantages of IT on the board of flexibly chain? What are the impacts of IT framework on gracefully chain the executives? What are the advantages of merchant overseen stock in flexibly chain the executives? 5. Research Objectives: The examination destinations clarify the motivation behind the exploration and characterize principles for what the analyst will do. The goals determine the data expected to achieve the exploration procedure. The point of this exploration is to increase a superior comprehension of flexibly chain the executives and how influence IT on the board of Supply Chain by breaking down the seller oversaw stock (VMI). This VMI idea will be acquainted and its advantages with flexibly chain the executives 6. Writing Review: Data is vital to gracefully chain execution since it gives the establishment on which flexibly chain forms execute exchanges and administrators decide. Without data, an administrator won't recognize what client need, how much stock in stock, and when more items ought to be delivered and sent. To put it plainly, without data an administrator can just settle on a choice indiscriminately. In this manner, data makes the gracefully affix obvious to a supervisor. Given the job of data in a flexibly chains achievement, chiefs must see how data is accumulated and investigated. This is the place IT becomes an integral factor. IT comprises of the equipment and programming all through a gracefully chain that assembles, investigations, and follows up on data. It fills in as the eyes and ears of the board in a gracefully chain, catching and breaking down the data important to settle on a decent choice. Utilizing IT frameworks to catch and dissect data can significantly affect an organizations execution. For instance, a significant producer of PC work-stations and serves found that a great part of the data on client request was not being utilized to set creation timetables and stock levels. The assembling bunch came up short on this interest data, which constrained them to settle on stock and creation choices indiscriminately. By introducing a flexibly chain programming framework, the organization had the option to accumulate and dissect information to create suggested loading levels. Utilizing the IT framework empowered the organization to slice its stock down the middle since supervisors could now settle on choices dependent on data as opposed to taught surmises. Huge effects like this underscore the significance of IT as a driver of flexibly chain execution. (Chopra, S. also, Meindl, P., 2001) A proficient method to improve the viability of SCM is to utilize Information Technology (IT). IT-arrangements improve the mix with different on-screen characters in the flexibly chain and make the business forms progressively compelling. This is finished by rearranging the procedures and mechanizing the data stream between the organizations in question (Wu et al., 2004). Data innovation has created in an exceptionally quick pace in the zone of gracefully chain the board. This has produced new devices and answers for handle the data sharing between various entertainers in gracefully arranges. These sorts of flexibly chain advancements are of incredible ebb and flow intrigue which is shown by an exploration made by AMR Research Inc. The exploration shows that almost $15 billion been spent on SCM programming since 1999 in the only us (Ruppel, 2004). The most ordinary job of IT in SCM is decreasing the grating in exchange between gracefully chains accomplices through practical data stream. On the other hand, IT is all the more significantly saw to have a job in supporting the joint effort and coordination of s

Top Essay Topics - A Guide to Choosing Topic Papers

Top Essay Topics - A Guide to Choosing Topic PapersChoosing the top essay topics is not an easy task and often requires some careful research. The reason why many students struggle in this area is because they are finding it very difficult to sift through the plethora of essay topics available on the internet.The problem lies with the fact that many students tend to take one-sentence articles that do not contain very many important points and then make these into their topic papers. This is because they find it extremely easy to do this and also find it easier to write. Therefore, it is only natural that many students will consider these to be the top topics that can be used in their studies.In actual fact, it is not wise to base your topic on any article that you find on the web, but instead to write something that addresses a number of different perspectives. However, if you wish to make sure that your top topic papers will be viewed as highly as possible by your instructors, it is recommended that you select topics that touch on various areas of your course. Indeed, this is essential.Once you have chosen the topic papers for your course, then you should choose an essay editor to guide you through the process of editing your paper. Of course, you can opt to write this part yourself, but this will obviously mean that you will have to spend the time and effort required to produce a top quality work of scholarship.The best way to approach your topic is to identify different issues that are central to your course, and then write on them in an appropriate manner. At the same time, this will also help you understand what your instructors are looking for in your papers, and this is crucial as it helps you to outline your thoughts in the paper.In addition, you will find that if you incorporate as many of your own opinions as possible and if you take a number of the most important points from different viewpoints, then you will be able to create a paper that will be g enuinely inspiring. It is also important to remember that you should always consult with your instructor before starting to write any essays, and certainly if you want to write a top essay topics.Your top topics will also need to be suitable for the type of writing that you plan to do throughout your degree. Some essay topics will require you to discuss significant events, whereas others will require you to deliver descriptive accounts of events.It is therefore vital that you identify topics that will allow you to demonstrate that you are able to communicate easily and expressively about subjects that are both interesting and meaningful. This is why the essay editor is so important in helping you create a top topic paper.

Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer - 3785 Words

Breast Cancer 3 Running Head: Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Abstract Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death in cancer patients all over the world. Tumor node- metastasis (TNM) is a standard staging system for breast cancer. TNM staging system also provides the basis for the prognosis for breast cancer. The prognosis for breast cancer is majorly based on two factors; tumor size and biological factors. However, these factors have been further divided into subdivisions and have been discussed. In this paper the stages of breast cancer have been discussed along with the prognosis of breast cancer in detail. Stages and Prognosis of Breast Cancer Introduction It has been found that nearly 1.3 million women are suffering from breast cancer all over the world. There are different stages of breast cancer starting from 0 to IV. Cancer staging systems are intended to provide information on prognosis and to guide clinicians in treatment planning (Greene, 2002)(1). Traditionally, breast cancer has been staged using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and is known as the Tumor node- metastasis (TNM) system. Developed in 1959, this system has been periodically updated to reflect new knowledge regarding the relationship between disease extent and prognosis, ensuring that the system maintains clinical relevance (Edge, 2009)(2). The various possible combinations of tumor, node, and metastasis status are divided intoShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancers are classified by several classifications as: - Histopathology - Grades - Stages - Receptor status. Each of these influences the prognosis and can affect treatment response. Description of a breast cancer optimally includes all of these factors: †¢ Histopathology: Breast cancer is usually classified primarily by its histological appearance. Most breast cancers are derived from the epithelium lining the ducts or lobules, and these cancers are classified as ductal or lobular carcinomaRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer along with many other cancers are being researched daily to find new treatments. With all the new research, it is possible to see high survival rates and lower reoccurrence rate. Many are benefiting from the new treatments that are being discovered. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women and the advancements that have been made are remarkable. There are different types of breast cancer that could be used in planning treatment and new therapies. Authors of MayoRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer in The United States: The Role of Diagnostic Imaging in Early Detection and Treatments Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women in the United States. In the early 20th century, radiography was first used to image breast tissue from mastectomy specimens to study breast cancer (BrCa). It was not until the 1960s when technological advancements in mammography became significant enough that regular mammographic screening exams became suitable for the general populationRead MoreBreast Cancer Is A Fascinating Disease That Takes The Life1318 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a fascinating disease that takes the life of thousands of women every year. It is one of the leading causes of death for women in their middle ages. First, the definition of cancer is uncontrolled division of cells cancerous cells in the body. Therefore, breast cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth of cancerous cells in the breasts. Breast cancer has been noted in history for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks first discovered the disease about 3,500 years ago (Mandal, 2013)Read MoreCauses And Treatment Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer1063 Words   |  5 PagesInflammatory Breast cancer, also known as IBC, is a rare type of cancer that attacks the body violently. The cancer cells block lymphatic vessels so the breast looks inflamed which is where it gets its name. IBC is one to five percent of breast cancer diagnosed in the United States. In a matter of weeks to months Inflammatory breast cancer is already at stage III or IV at time of diagnosis. It seems to be diagnosed at a younger age than most breast cancers. The median age is fifty-seven for IBCRead MoreTriple Negative Breast Cancer Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Triple-negative breast cancers constitute about 15% of all cases, but despite their higher response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the tumors are very aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis as well as a higher risk of early recurrence. This study was retrospectively performed on 101 patients with stage II and III invasive breast cancer who received 6–8 cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Out of the total, 23 were in the triple negative breast cancer subgroup. Nuclear Ki-67 expressionRead MoreThe And Clinicopathological Value Of Poly ( Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose ) Polymerase Expression Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesDiphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Weiqiang Qiao Ming Yang* Department of Breast Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China * Corresponding author Ming Yang, MD Address: Tell: Fax: E-mail: yangming.1967@163.com Abstract Background: Previous researches have shown that poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) level was a promising predictor for breast cancer. However, its prognostic value remainsRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is considered as a heterogeneous disorder whose types are variable biologically and associated with various clinical prognoses and therapeutic responses (Burstein et al., 2008). Intrinsic molecular variants of breast cancer, namely luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 positive and basal-like, were found in a complementary DNA microarray study performed on 65 different breast tumors to analyze about 500 genes (Sorlie et al., 2001). These breast cancer variants were commonly approximatedRead MoreThe Fatal Disease of Breast Cancer1384 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Breast cancer is the second most fatal cancer among women today. Breast cancer is when the breast cell’s get out of control and grows too much, then create a tumor, which may or may not be malignant (cancerous). Risk factors are very important information for individuals to know so that there is a clearer picture of the risks. Signs and symptoms are also a part of the information an individual needs to be aware of to aid in the discovery of breast cancer. For women who have been diagnosed

Entrepreneurship Is The Essence Of Capitalism - 3106 Words

An entrepreneurship is the essence of capitalism, some people hate capitalism because of what it stands for and the effects it can cause to environment or the culture .But deep down inside, most want to be independent from working a job. Entrepreneurship is freedom to believe an create wealth, to be able to act on something, seeing as an opportunity , filling a need , while making money in the process .Problems are opportunities for the Entrepreneur .There are characteristics for entrepreneurs such as risk taker , freedom , independent ,leadership , organize , visionary and compulsive. Background For the report the author was also required to demonstrate an ability to undertake critical analysis and take each topic area and report†¦show more content†¦Literature Review Evaluating and critically analysis the interviews transcript Entrepreneur A and Entrepreneur C have different business and also poses different characteristics .Looking at the Entrepreneur A’s transcript the entrepreneur has a business on E-Bay and also has a business partner .In the interview Entrepreneur A explained that he had an opportunity to start an online business and there was a potential market for personalised gifts and did his research and found out that there was quite a small low cost to start the business but the good venture, as a small start-up business it seemed to be to set up and selling small custom made badges . The entrepreneur and his partner managed to find a supplies for their business so they can start. He was so innovative that he had to create some designs to set up their small business on e-bay, this shows that he had entrepreneurial characteristics. Their business started to grow and it managed to branch out into generating different product s for the business such as customised t-shirts and hoodies, tote bags, and even customised key rings, he explained that these new products proved to be good for the their market and their niche market was for events such as birthdays and anniversaries and was good because they were innovative (Delmaret al 2003.). Entrepreneurship In order to be a successful entrepreneur an individual needs characteristics such as: self-confident, risk-taker, innovative,

A Narrative Account Of A Multilingual Informant Free Essays

string(66) " her favourite language specifically from a social point of view\." Introduction The analysis of how an individual correlates with a specific environment and how the person responds to an interview on specific issues has been known to be one of the main tools of analysing the impact of language in communication (Anthias, 2001). This paper analyses interview response of a multilingual informant as an approach of investigating how an individual’s group membership can be correlated to the way they speak. It will also create an in-depth-scrutiny of the language and practices of a multilingual speaker in the context of their local community and the effect of globalisation on language and communication. We will write a custom essay sample on A Narrative Account Of A Multilingual Informant or any similar topic only for you Order Now The informant in this study is a 52-year-old multilingual woman who speaks five different languages: Hungarian, English, French, German, and Russian. Hungarian is the informant’s mother tongue. She originates from Hungary and communicates to family members in Hungarian. Although she has travelled and lived in different parts of Europe, she learned the different languages for different reasons. Monolingual ideologies are prevalent in most cities of Europe. This has forced people who have a different mother tongue to learn the dominant language in these cities (Thorne et al., 2009). Thome et al argues that this majorly because the state’s language is selected based on the dominant community. This is further illustrated in the interview where the respondent was compelled to learn five different languages in order to be able to communicate in different parts of Europe. According to the participant, Hungarian language is the easier language of the other four languages she has learnt. The participant was able to grasp the concepts of Hungarian language at a very young age, which made it easy and comfortable to communicate in this language. Young children develop communication and language skills easily because they are more observant and anxious to learning new things (Louise, 2010). In contrast, adults have low levels of interest in learning other languages unless enviro nmental conditions compel them to (Housen Kuiken, 2009). This is the main reason that results to cross cultural communication and miscommunication effects. This is a common phenomenon in cases where their mother tongue is not the medium of communication in the new environment they occupy. The process of changing the communication language of an individual affects the effectiveness of communication due to complexities that arise during translation. This has been clear in the approach taken by the interview participant in communication. Most of her statements have effects of direct translation from Hungarian language limiting the effectiveness of the communication. As much as she is able to communicate, she is not very versatile due to her use of a second language in communication. Studies have shown that most humans develop their communication pattern based on their primary language of communication. Other languages are normally affected by translation, which in most cases may affec t the process of communication resulting to misinterpretation. Furthermore, translation affects the ability of Diaspora communities to develop the ability to communicate effectively in the destination countries. Although English is the major language of communication of the participant, she has portrayed major translational issues. Some of her statements are translated direct from another language, which affects her communication and meaning. This means that she learnt English not out of passion as in the case of French, but because it was a necessity. This is very clear because her statements reveal someone who is new to English language yet she has resided in England since 1981. According to Thome et al (2009), this is a very long period that is enough for an individual to learn and perfect a language. Her difficulty in communication shows that she was not interested in the language. The participant also mentions taking French classes. This initiative shows that the participant regarded French language highly. However, People reside in civiliz ations that have a sturdy influence on their beliefs, opinions, and their way of living opinions and beliefs. The fact that she has lived in UK for a very long time has greatly influenced her perception of life. This is because of different perspectives adopted for different communications in different languages. As much as she is a Hungarian, her approach to communication has been greatly influenced by English language limiting the impact of her primary language in communication. This is evident in the participant’s way of living as she has reduced her language to use at home only and the use of English in most of her communication. Therefore, as much as living in Britain requires an individual to learn English, it is not a necessity to ascribe to its cultural aspects as the participant communicates in English, and she still values the cultural aspect of Hungarian language. The process of globalization and increased access to different languages affects the association of different languages. The effects are depended on how the new language was introduced to an individual. Some languages may have very little impact on an individual’s communication and attitude while others may heavily influence the approach to communication and attitude of an individual (Montaruli et al, 2011). The informant was able to learn Russian language mainly because of the setting of her upbringing. As much as the participant learnt the Russian language as a child, it is not among her favourites due to the circumstances that forced her to learn the language. Therefore, developing close ties to a certain language depends on the reasons that forced an individual learn that language (Housen Kuiken, 2009). This is demonstrated in the respondent’s approach to French language. The participant had a special person in France who motivated her to learn French. Although she no longer lives in France, she still cherishes French language. As much as French is not the fast language to the participant, she regards it as the best. The impact of French language in terms of globalization on the participant’s primary language is very evident. She prefers to relate with French as her favourite language specifically from a social point of view. You read "A Narrative Account Of A Multilingual Informant" in category "Essay examples" This means that the ability of the participant to learn French language made her appreciate the social and cultural approach adopted by the speakers of that language and therefore, circumstances that lead one to learn a new language determines how that person rates that language (Anthias, 2001). An environment that is welcoming and that present a comforting approach to communication makes an individual grasp the concepts of a language and develop close ties with the language (Wolf 2000). The vice versa is also true. The respond ent says that she was forced to learn Russian as a child. This has made the respondent develop a negative attitude towards Russian although she learnt it at a very young age (Thorne et al., 2009). The same case is evident in the approach taken by the participant on the German language. Although she does not say much about the German language, it is evident that she does not like the language The approach to language and communication in the current global world is majorly determined by the availability of the speakers of language near an immigrant in the Diaspora (Housen Kuiken, 2009). The associations between Diaspora communities determine the levels to which their original language and cultural aspects are incorporated into their new environment. The informant’s Diaspora community, which comprises mostly of close relatives, enhanced the role of the Hungarian language in the participants’ communication. The fact that the participant moved to the UK with family members allowed her to communicate with the family members frequently. Particularly, the participant has identified very few instances where she has access to her language resulting to it having minimal impacts on English, her new language. The participant is also in touch with her home country increasing the chances of utilising Hungarian language in communication. This has resulted to two effects in her language. The first effect is as a result of limited utilisation of English. The participant does not regard it highly. She views it as a requirement necessary to work and live in the UK. Furthermore, the Hungarians in Diaspora have made enabled the participant to communicate in Hungarian often. This has enabled her to perfect and preserve her native language, which has made her develop close ties with the language. The ability to speak Hungarian language has helped the participant to maintain her identity as a Hungarian national living in the UK (Montaruli et al, 2011). More so, it is clear that the circumstances in the Diaspora forced her to learn the other languages. For instance, she opted to learn English language to make her life in UK easy and comfortable. She learned Russian as it was a necessity of the dictatorship leadership that existed during those times. She learnt French so that she could communicate effectively with her special one. Generally, the ability of th e participant to develop allegiance to more than one language due to movement from one place to another has resulted to her being caught between two worlds and unable to meet her needs effectively as far as communication is concerned and the effect of different languages and approach to cultural practices. This has made her regard her situation insatiable as she tries to handle approach to culture from different languages point of view. Various authors have viewed attitude as a great determiner of languages that are easily accepted by Diaspora communities (Housen Kuiken, 2009; Wolff, 2000). The participant’s attitude played a major role in determining which languages in the Diaspora were favoured by the participant (Housen Kuiken, 2009). For instance, the participant had a negative attitude towards Russian and Germany languages as they were introduced to her as necessities of the communist dictatorship regimes. This is clear based on the response the participant provided when she was asked if her county was a communist. She quickly denied and did not even go into details as in the case of the other responses where she was provided explanations. This represents a situation where the participant was not happy with the approach of communism leadership. Generally, the participant is of Hungarian origin, but was forced to learn other languages as a necessity to overcoming her life challenges. As a child, the pa rticipant had to learn Russian to meet the obligations of the dictatorship regime. As an immigrant in France, she had to learn French as it was the only avenue of socialisation. In the UK, she was forced to learn English as most workstations employed people who spoke English. Her ability to preserve the cultural aspect of her Hungarian language indicates the strong ties that exist between an individual and his/her primary language. She had limited time to access and use Hungarian language, but the level of her association with the language indicates how close she was attached to her primary language. It is evident that the participant is a Hungarian who is proud of her language although its significance is dwindling due to globalisation of some languages such as English. Language is presented as a main form of identity for Diaspora inhabitants and a main approach to association (Montaruli et al, 2011). As much as she is in a country that is the home of English, she still manages to emphasise the importance of Hungarian language to her. This is significant as she states that it is one of the favourite languages to her. She goes further and emphasises the rel evance of the Hungarian language to her by illustrating how she prefers communicating in Hungarian rather than other languages even when far away from home. Based on the responses gathered from the respondent, it is evident that the respondent could have avoided learning the other languages, provided environmental factors allowed her. The case could have been different for an individual of Hungarian origin born and raised in the UK. Such an individual is highly likely to develop more two primary languages which will limit the level of attachment to any of the two languages (Anthias, F., 2001) Therefore, the process of learning a new language is highly affected by the environment. None of the languages the respondent learnt is as a result of educational training or just for the purpose of expanding knowledge. All the languages that are not indigenous to the participant were learnt because the environment compelled her. Her survival and success depended on these languages (Montaruli et al, 2011). For example, she could not work and live comfortably in the UK without learning English. This is illustrated where the respondent says that English is hard and that she never speaks it with her relatives. Rather, she uses Hungarian to communicate with her relatives because it is simple. The approach to communication by the participant displays a high level of application of persuasive technique (Thorne et al., 2009). The questions that are posed to the participants are mostly very straightforward that require very short responses. However, her response to the questions indicates a high level of persuasion. This is depicted in her application of repetition and detailed accounts of situations when responding to the interview questions. The participant is depicted as an indigenous Hungarian who is proud of her language is depicted by the nature of her approach to communication. In conclusion, language plays a big role in determining an individual’s approach to communication. From the above analysis of the participant’s responses, it is obvious that her indigenous language has greatly influenced the way she communicates. To begin with, when providing a response, the respondent goes beyond what is asked and gives a detailed account of the situation. This case was only different when she was asked whether Hungary is a communist state. She provided a short answer, which presented a unique situation. In this case, she must have doubted her answer otherwise; she could have provided a detailed account of her answer. Therefore, in their indigenous language, individuals are descriptive when providing a response to a certain concern. As much as her responses were in English, the fact that she prolonged her answers and had numerous statements affected by direct translation implies that her indigenous language guides her thoughts. In general, it is evident that language plays a major role in empowering Diaspora communities because they are able to communicate effectively in the new environment and hence become productive. However, language is also seen to further their division, segregation, and exclusion. This is evident in the participant’s contribution on the reasons she had to learn Russian and Germany languages. This presents both positive and negative aspect of language as viewed from a Diaspora point of view. There is increased demand for multilingualism, owing to the increasing global movement and interactions of people from different social backgrounds. Increased globalisation has also increased demand to know many languages. Apart from the mother tongue, other languages may require some formal education for effective comprehension and communication. Developing an understanding on the meaning of different communication as perceived by speakers of a certain language is central to internalising a language as a second language in communication. The experience gained while learning new languages may affect the opinion of the learners (Dewaele, 2012). Despite the differing opinions given by many multilingual individuals, multilingualism should be promoted in order to enhance effective communication in the international community as the participant clearly depicted the various relevancies of her learning several languages. It has been clear that her ability to communicate in different langua ges has enabled her to overcome various social difficulties she faced during her past and present. This will help in reducing the problem of the language barrier in foreign countries. References Anthias, F., 2001. The concept of Social Division and Theorising Social Stratification: Looking at Ethnicity and Class, Sociology, 35(4), 835-854. Dewaele, J. 2012. Multilingualism, empathy, and multicompetence. International Journal of Multilingualism: 1–15. Housen, A., Kuiken, F., 2009. Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency in Second Language Acquisition, Applied Linguistics, 30 (4), 461-473. Louise, P. P., 2010. A sociolinguistic study of language use and identity amongst Galician young adults, University of Birmingham, M.Phil. Thesis. Montaruli, E., Bourhis, R. Y. Azurmendi, M. J., 2011. Identity, language, and ethnic relations in the Bilingual Autonomous Communities of Spain. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 15, 94–121. Thorne, S. L., Black, R. W. Sykes, J. M., 2009. Second Language Use, Socialization, and Learning in Internet Interest Communities and Online Gaming. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 802–821. Wolff, Ekkehard 2000. Language and Society. In: Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse (Eds.) African Languages – An Introduction, 317. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. How to cite A Narrative Account Of A Multilingual Informant, Essays

The Witches Are Responsible For What Happens To Macbeth Essays

The Witches are responsible for what happens to Macbeth Although Macbeth does take actions that lead to his downfall, I believe that he is not totally responsible for what happens. Although he takes the action that leads to his downfall, he perhaps would not have done this if the witches had not told him that he would be king in Act 1 Scene 3. I believe that it is the witches are more responsible for Macbeth's downfall than he is. In Act 1, Scene 3, the witches tell Macbeth that he is thane of Glamis, thane of Cawdor and that he "shalt be king hereafter". Immediately after hearing the witches prophesise that he will be king, Macbeth thinks that he must kill the current king to become king himself. I believe that before hearing the witch's prophecies, Macbeth had never in his wildest dreams thought of killing King Duncan to become king himself. In Act 4, Scene 1, Macbeth meets again with the witches, who tell him through apparitions, "Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife." In the following scene, we see murderers sent by Macbeth enter Macduff's castle and slaughter both Lady Macduff and her son. The witches are also responsible for this murder, because once again, the witches put ideas in his head. Although the witches can be held responsible for the murder of King Duncan, Lady Macduff and her son, they cannot be held responsible for the murder of Banquo. The witches only speak of Banquo when Macbeth meets with them for the second time and Act 4, Scene 1, after Banquo has already been killed. This murder is the complete responsibility of Macbeth, because the witches had absolutely nothing to do with it and it was only Macbeth's own suspicions that brought him to have Banquo killed. If Macbeth had not taken action to fulfill the witch's prophecies, he would probably have been happily living as the thane of Glamis and Cawdor at the end of the play. It could be said that he was responsible for his own downfall. However, Macbeth only took action after hearing the witch's prophecies, so I believe that Macbeth cannot be held totally responsible for what happens to himself. I believe that if Macbeth had never heard the witch's prophecies, he would have lived a happy, full life, and perhaps he would have become anyway.

Stanford Prison Experiment and Authority Essay

Stanford Prison Experiment and Authority Essay Stanford Prison Experiment and Authority Essay In Milgram’s article, the Peril’s of Obedience an American psychologist teacher at Yale University firml believed that humans were naturally aggressive or only under authority. He conducted an experiment where The teacher is a genuinely naà ¯ve subject who has come to the laboratory for the experiment. The learner, or victim, is actually an actor who receives no shock at all. The point of the experiment is to see how far a person will proceed in a concrete and measurable situation in having to conduct an experiment about having authority over-rule your personal beliefs. The consequences of being shocked if answered wrong was a very compelling idea personally. His theory was very logical, were humans as obedient to authority figures as they were conceived to be? Milgram was interested in researching how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. Stanley Milgram was interested in how easily ordinary people could be influenced int o committing atrocities for example, Germans in WWII. The more you miss the higher the voltage you will be shocked with. The trick to the teacher was to be consistent memorize. The whole experiment was set-up for the teacher to see how far they would go in harming someone. Being obedient can cause many things, being tortured, being successful, and being taken advantage of. Most importantly with discipline comes obedience. For many people, obedience is a deeply ingrained behavior tendency, indeed a potent impulse overriding training in ethics, sympathy, and moral conduct. The reason I don't totally agree with the author is that all these people were forced somehow to continue the process. Another reason people obey is that they have a sense of obligation to their duty. This is just the whole idea of completing the job that's given to you. Some people have a fear of being perceived as brash, or rude. In general, people want to present themselves in the best way possible. If there ha dn't been an experimenter standing behind the teachers, some of them would have stopped the research. After reading this article a couple times I missed one very important thing. My first impressions on this article was that, This experiment was a target for civilians to see how much our brain can learn in memorizing words and the effects of punishment on learning. The â€Å"learner† was not the one being studied; it was the â€Å"teacher† conducting the shocks. Was it a moral obligation that they had to continue giving higher shocks, after every wrong answer? It’s having the power of authority that makes you wanting to keep going. It’s an adrenaline most of us don’t experience, having to see someone suffer and we are in utter-control. Not only did the teacher see the learner get shocked and see them twisting and jolting from the chair, they continued with the experiment. Seeing your learner â€Å"extricating himself from this plight, the subject must make a clear break with authority†. â€Å"Her behavior is the very embodiment of what I en visioned would be true for almost all subjects.† But little did you know that some of the controller’s did worry about the subjects, continuing to a point to terminate the experiment. Also take into mind that it is easier to ignore responsibility when one is only an intermediate link in a chain of actions. Paul Graham noted in his critique of P.O.B., â€Å"Stark authority was pitted against the subjects' strongest moral imperatives against hurting others, and, with the subjects' ears

Michelle Obama Staff Size and Salaries

Michelle Obama Staff Size and Salaries Michelle Obamas staff consisted of 18 employees who got paid nearly $1.5 million in salary in 2010, according to the administrations Annual Report to Congress on White House Staff. The size of Michelle Obamas 2010 staff is comparable to the staff of former First Lady Laura Bush in 2008. Both First Ladies had 15 staffers directly under them, plus three more in the Office of the White House Social Secretary. The 15 employees who were members of Michelle Obamas staff in the Office of the First Lady were paid $1,198,870 in 2010. Three more staffers worked in the Office of the Social Secretary, which is under the jurisdiction of the Office of the First Lady; they earned a total of $282,600, the administrations Annual Report to Congress on White House Staff stated. Since 1995, the White House has been required to deliver a report to Congress listing the title and salary of every White House Office employee. List of Michelle Obamas Staff Here is a list of Michelle Obamas staff and their salaries in 2010. To see the annual salaries of other top U.S. government officials go here. Natalie F. Bookey Baker, executive assistant to the chief of staff to the first lady, $45,000;Alan O. Fitts, deputy director of advance and trip director for the first lady, $61,200;Jocelyn C. Frey, deputy assistant to the president and director of policy and projects for the first lady, $140,000;Jennifer Goodman, deputy director of scheduling and events coordinator for the first lady, $63,240;Deilia A.L. Jackson, deputy associate director of correspondence for the first lady, $42,000;Kristen E. Jarvis, special assistant for scheduling and traveling aide to the first lady, $51,000;Camille Y. Johnston, special assistant to the president and director of communications for the first lady, $102,000;Tyler A. Lechtenberg, director of correspondence for the first lady, $50,000;Catherine M. Lelyveld, director and press secretary to the first lady, $85,680;Dana M. Lewis, special assistant and personal aide to the first lady, $66,000;Trooper Sanders, deputy director of policy and projects for the first lady, $85,000; Susan S. Sher, assistant to the president and chief of staff and counsel to the first lady, $172,200;Frances M. Starkey, director of scheduling and advance for the first lady, $80,000;Semonti M. Stevens, associate director and deputy press secretary to the first lady, $53,550;and Melissa Winter, special assistant to the president and deputy chief of staff to the first lady, $102,000. Other Michelle Obama Staff The White House social secretary is responsible for planning and coordinating all social events and entertaining of guests - a sort of Event Planner in Chief for the president and first lady, if you will. The White House social secretary works for the first lady and serves as head of the White House Social Office, which plans everything from the casual and educational student workshops to elegant and sophisticated state dinners welcoming world leaders. In the Office of White House Social Secretary were the following staffers: Erinn J. Burnough, deputy director and deputy social secretary, $66,300;Joseph B. Reinstein, deputy director and deputy social secretary, $66,300;and Julianna S. Smoot, deputy assistant to the president and White House social secretary, $150,000. Melania Trump’s Leaner Staff According to the June 2017 report to Congress on White House personnel, First Lady Melania Trump maintains a significantly smaller staff than her predecessor, Michelle Obama. As of June 2017, only four people were listed as working directly for First Lady Trump for a total combined annual salary of $486,700. They were: Lindsay B. Reynolds $179,700.00 assistant to the president and chief of staff to the first ladyStephanie A. Grisham $115,000.00 – special assistant to the president and director of communications for the first ladyTimothy G. Tripepi $115,000.00 – special assistant to the president and deputy chief of staff of operations for the first ladyMary†Kathryn Fisher $77,000.00 – deputy director of advance for the first lady As did the Obama administration, the Trump administration acknowledged several additional White House staffers beyond those listed in the report with the term â€Å"first lady† in their titles. However, even counting those employees, the total of nine for the current first lady compared to a high of 24 for Michelle Obama, Melania Trump’s total staff is relatively small. For sake of comparison, First Lady Hillary Clinton retained a staff of 19, and Laura Bush at least 18. Updated by Robert Longley

Incentive pay as a way of compensating employees Essay

Incentive pay as a way of compensating employees - Essay Example According to the Vision Link advisory group, intrinsic rewards also allow employees to obtain a certain level of autonomy, provides opportunities for mastery in which employees may feel and see their progress, and it can establish purpose in their work so that they can feel that they are doing something good not only for themselves but also for the company. On the other hand, extrinsic compensation may include monetary and nonmonetary rewards. Examples of extrinsic compensation can be discretionary benefits such as paid time off and protection programs (Martocchio 86). Generally, â€Å"Incentive pay may come in the form of bonuses, profit sharing, or commission† (Business Dictionary). It is a monetary reward given to employees based on individual or group performances. This type of pay can reflect the way employees continue to pursue positive results in the workplace. In addition, incentive plans can inspire loyalty, commitment, and hard work. This type of plan will allow for recognition of outstanding workers and at the same time keeping track of the organizational goals (â€Å"Employee Incentive†). A company can decide on how they will design their incentive pay plans and on what criteria depending on what industry and type of the company. The most common types of incentive pay plans are individual incentive plans, group incentive plans, and companywide incentives. In many occasions, â€Å"Individual incentive plans reward employees for meeting such work-related performance standards as quality, productivity, customer satisfaction, safety, or attendance† (Martocchio 85). Organizations use individual incentive plans to motivate their employees by granting them the opportunity to receive additional income. These additional incomes can be given in forms of bonuses or commission (Joseph). There are different types of individual incentives the most common are piecework plans, management incentive plans, behavioral encouragement plans, and refe rral plans (Joseph). Piecework plans reward their employees for increases in productivity. It consists of the quantity and the quality of work produced. This criterion is based upon the supervisor’ or managers’ interpretation on the performance of the employee. Piecework plans can be used in industrial and production settings (Joseph). In contrast, management incentive plans involve several intricate objectives. This type of incentive only allows managers to receive their award when they reach objectives depending on sales, profit, production, or other criteria in the company (Martocchio 86). In addition, many companies may compensate their employees for referrals. Some companies use referrals to motivate their workers to recruit new employees into the company the employee will then be rewarded after the new employees has been in the company for a certain period (Joseph). Lastly there are behavioral encouragement plans where employees are given cash for specific behavi oral accomplishments. In addition to individual incentive plans, some companies choose to compensate or reward their employees as a group, in other words, based on collective performance. Group incentive plans are measured depending on customer satisfaction, labor cost savings, material cost savings, reduction in accidents, and services cost savings (Joseph). It is said that â€Å"well designed group incentive plans ultimately reinforce teamwork, cultivate loyalty to the company, and increase

News release Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News release - Assignment Example The company CEO, Brian Cornell says that the company will seek to redeem its reputation as a leading online shopping outlet in the country. However, the business of online shopping continues to experience security challenges due to increasing sophistication of data theft technologies. The CEO states that the company will invest in data security systems to detect any fraudulent activities in order to implement the new strategies. Cornell asserts that the business of the company remains stable despite the attacks. The corporation is taking bold actions to ensure data security. The measures include constant monitoring of possible fraudulent activities, advising customers to create stronger passwords and also to report such criminal attempts to the relevant authorities for further investigations. â€Å"Despite the security breaches last year, the company has recorded an increase in digital sales. This means that our loyal customers have more trust in the company and believe that their data is safe with us. We will maintain our commitment towards offering our customers quality services. We will also deploy other value-addition strategies to give customers more value for their money. For example, the company will expand its free shipping to customers during the festive season to increase their trust in the company. We will also continue seeking other sustainable ways of increasing customer satisfaction,† says Cornell. In 2013, the company experienced a major data breach that exposed the customers’ details. The data bleach targeted credit and debit card details of the customers. The company considers the act as criminal and aimed at reducing the trust in the company. The CEO explains that the company’s digital sales depend on products offered by the company and how it rewards its loyal customers. The company will increase the products to 35000 to give the customers a wider

I Stand Here Ironing: Character Analysis of Emily Essay -- Tillie Olse

The short story â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† (1961) by Tillie Olsen is a touching narration of a mother trying to understand and at the same time justifying her daughter’s conduct. Frye interprets the story as a â€Å"meditation of a mother reconstructing her daughter’s past in an attempt to express present behavior† (Frye 287). An unnamed person has brought attention and concern to her mother expressing, â€Å"‘She’s a youngster who needs help and whom I’m deeply interested in helping’† (Olsen 290). Emily is a nineteen-year-old complex girl who is atypical, both physically and in personality. Emily’s upbringing is plagued with difficulties. She is the first-born of a young mother and the eldest of five brothers and sisters. As a baby, she is constantly left at the care of others while her mother had to work after her father abandons them. Additionally, she is often sick, triggering a series of events that have emotionally affected her life. She definitely experiences a â€Å"stressful growth† (Frye 288). As a little girl, Emily clearly indicates to be unlike most children her age. For starters, various illnesses tremendously affect Emily’s physique which makes her look different compared to other little girls. Even her mother expresses â€Å"All the baby loveliness gone† (Olsen 291), after had gotten chicken pox. Another consequence derived from being constantly sick is that she looks fragile, â€Å"Skeleton thin† (Olsen 292). Unfortunately, she is full aware of not fulfilling the stereotype of a girl her age and she does not like it, Olsen’s narrator clearly states: She fretted about her appearance, thin and dark and foreign-looking at a time when every little girl was supposed to look or thought she should look a chubby blonde replica of Shirl... ... affect her future. Certainly, Emily is remarkably different in many ways due to a â€Å"troubled, lonely childhood† (Frye 288). She has a series of features that makes her unique. In terms of physical appearance, she is thin and dark looking because of health problems. As for personality she is insecure however behaves well and she does not show her emotions. Perhaps her complexity gives the idea or the impression that she needs help and people perceive her as a troubled girl. Works Cited Frye, Joanne S. "'I STAND HERE IRONING': MOTHERHOOD AS EXPERIENCE AND METAPHOR." Studies in Short Fiction 18.3 (1981): 287. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 17 Mar. 2011. Olsen, Tillie. â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing.† Ed. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mendell. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Compact Seventh Edition. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011. 290-296. Print.

The Importance Of Motivation In The Language Classroom Education Essay

Motivation is one of the biggest thrusts of larning a 2nd linguistic communication and it is a cardinal portion of what a instructor faces every twenty-four hours. The English course of study for primary and secondary school clearly states that it is a instructor ‘s duty to heighten and excite each and every pupil ‘s will to larn and to turn. ‘Being able to promote pupils and derive support from co-workers and parents is an built-in portion of the function of MFL instructors. ‘ ( Teaching Agency, 2012 ) The MFL topic has n't played such an of import function in the National Curriculum in the yesteryear that might be due that taking a linguistic communication as a GCSE topic is and was non mandatory. What is the EBC? ‘The EBacc was introduced as a public presentation step in the 2010 public presentation tabular arraies. The step recognises where students have secured a ‘C ‘ class or better in GCSEs or accredited international GCSEs ( iGCSEs ) across a nucleus of topics – English, mathematics, two scientific disciplines, history or geographics and a linguistic communication ( including Modern Foreign Languages ( MFL ) or ancient linguistic communications ) . ‘ ( Sam Clemens, 2011 ) However, surveies found that with the debut of the new English Baccalaureate Certificates ( EBCs ) pupils ‘ motive to larn a linguistic communication could alter. It seems to me that at the students do non see the intent for larning a linguistic communication as the general premise is â€Å" every one speaks English † ‘For many in the UK, English is their first and lone linguistic communication. On evidences of functionality, why would they desire to acquire their caputs around the grammar, vocabulary and literature of aliens? They comfort themselves with the belief that â€Å" everyone speaks English † – when that ‘s non true of 75 % of the universe ‘s population. ‘ ( The Observer, Sunday 26 June 2011 ) This paper will research motive in the secondary school category room with the focal point specifically on larning a 2nd linguistic communication, L2. First I will research what is meant by Motivation, I believe it is utterly of import that the reader understand what is meant with the term motive as this term is examined throughout this research paper. The 2nd portion of the essay will analyse motivational factors and motivational jobs. It will look at what motivates human existences and what does non actuate them. This is valuable as it is portion of a instructor ‘s tool box if he/she wants to act upon their pupils ‘ motive. In decision this essay will look at motivational schemes a instructor can use to act upon pupils ‘ motive.What is meant with the term Motivation?To reply the inquiry of what is motive 1 has to detect that the squad is really various. The Latin verb â€Å" motivus † , a signifier of movere which means to travel and as a consequence is rel ated to the importance of motive. Generally Motivation is described as end orientated behavior. A definition of the word motive might be â€Å" factors within a human being or other animate being that arouse and direct goal-oriented behavior † ( britannica.com, Motivation ) . Gardner and Masgoret put forward that Motivation refers to ‘goal-directed behavior ( californium, Heckhausen, 1991 ) , and when one is trying to mensurate motive, attending, can be directed toward a Numberss of characteristics of the person. ‘ ( Gardner and Masgoret, 2003 ) A broad scope of literature has been written on that subject and there are many different thoughts out at that place on what Motivates people and pupils ‘ . Every homo being has different committedness demands. Those need differ from single to single as everybody has their single desires to actuate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it can find the attempt we put into our work and hence increase the criterion of the productiveness. Motivation has been contemplated as one of the most of import constituents lending to linguistic communication larning success. Research over the last decennaries has over and over once more underlined the of import place of motive in successful linguistic communication acquisition. ( Gardner & A ; Lambert, Deci and Ryan, Ushioda, Dornyei ) . Two of the taking theories covering with 2nd linguistic communication acquisition were proposed by Stephen Krashen and J.H. Schumann. Krashen ‘s thought was that linguistic communication acquisition is a subconscious and natural procedure during which the scholar improves with real-life pattern. â€Å" Grammar-translation violates about every constituent of the Input Hypothesis, and it is hence predicted that this method will hold the consequence of seting the pupil â€Å" on the defensive † ( Stephen D Krashen, P 129, 1982 ) While Schumann ‘s socialization theoretical account high spots an integration of the scholars ‘ mark linguistic communication, civilization and community. Harmonizing to Schumann the scholar regards the TL talkers as a mention group whose life manner and values he consciously or unconsciously desires to follow. ( Schumann, P 340, 1986 ) Both theories can be applied in the schoolroom for a positive consequence.What does Motivation intend for the linguistic communication schoolroom?I believe it is highly of import to understand how motive works in the schoolroom. There are endless processs instructors use to carry through coveted effects from their pupils, but there are overall forms these motivational tools follow. In ordination for instructors to convey with their pupils, they must place with their demands on an idiosyncratic footing. This purpose is matching to Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs, which states basic demands must be met to obtain rich motive. These demands, in go uping order, are as follows: Physiological Needs, Safety and Security Needs, Love and Belongingness Needs, Self-Worth and Self-Esteem Needs, the Need to Know and Understand, Aesthetic Needs, the Need for Self-Actualization ( D. Martin and K. Joomis, Constructing Teachers: A Constructivist Approach to Introducing Education, pp. 72-75.1997 ) . The most of import point about Maslow theory is for pupils to hold a educational end and that acquisition is taking topographic point. Another of import factor is to do this freshly gained cognition and information purposeful every bit good as meaningful to pupils so that it may be retained. Besides pupils should see the intent for retaining the cognition and how they could utilize it throughout their lives. An indispensable factor involved in run intoing these ends is motive. If the pupils are unmotivated in one manner or another, it is likely that barely any acquisition will take topographic point or it is really likely that cognition will non be retained. This theory had a great impact on educational constructions. In his ulterior old ages, Maslow realised that an environmental stipulation of stimulation, or challenge, was needed to actuate persons. Maslow ‘s first demand of physiological satisfactoriness is really basic. This inquiry merely asks if pupils are in a comfy and safe environing for their acquisition. In apparent English, are pupils hungry, excessively cold, excessively hot and is the environment exciting to larn in? If a pupil ‘s physical surrounding does non fit decently with the pupil ‘s demand, he/she will non be encouraged to larn or to make any higher demand. Similarly, if pupils do non experience safe ( via the 2nd demand, security ) , they will non be able to concentrate larning something. Consistent outlooks and the accepting and non-judgmental attitude of the instructors can besides bring forth pupils who feel secured and confident in their instructors. On the juncture that a pupil feels threatened by another pupil or by the instructor, he/she may non come on every bit good as hoped. Furthermore in many instances, he/she reverts from the instruction instead than reacting to it. In order to decrease feelings of menace, a instructor can attest feelings of protection and love, which is the 3rd hierarchical demand. The demand for the sense of love and belonging in pupils are of import either in the teacher-student relationships or in the student-student relationships. A instructor ‘s personality should be empathic, considerate and interested in the persons, patient, carnival, holding positive attitude and being good hearer. Teachers who have these features will supply the pupils with more assurance and accordingly students will be able to larn and better better in their surveies. With respect to the pupil to student relationships instructors should promote peer tutoring or category meetings. By holding good relationships with instructors and equals, pupils will hold fulfilled their demand to belong, and besides have the feeling of being cared and loved. In Maslow ‘s 4th demand, respect, a instructor must be careful non to overload on both unfavorable judgment and congratulations. Students must experience as if they deserve congratulations in order for them to absorb difficult work with congratulations. Teachers besides should non bury that unfavorable judgment, even when applied right, can damage students ‘ feelings and can make a deficiency of motive. Students must experience the demand of self-respect and to be respected by the others. Teachers should get down develop new cognition based on the background cognition, they besides have to assist to guarantee success ( scaffolding ) and to gait instructions to suit single demands. Teachers should besides concentrate on the person ‘s strengths and assets when be aftering lessons and transporting them out. To fulfill the following demand of understanding and cognition, the instructors should let the pupils ‘ clip to research countries of wonder and to supply lessons that are intellectually disputing. By utilizing the find attack subjects, the pupils can larn to be independent and larn from assorted angles. By acquiring involved intellectually, the pupils can fulfill their demand to carry through their demand to research, discover and work out new things. Teachers must besides be careful to asseverate authorization ; nevertheless, they must besides esteem pupils for their attempts. The demand for aesthetic is besides really of import for the pupils. By forming schoolroom stuffs in a neat and appealing manner, the pupils will be attracted to larn about the things related to the stuffs. Pleasing, good maintained and fresh smelling schoolrooms with attractive wall hangings can make stableness in the pupils who will experience comfy to analyze in such surrounding. The highest demand in the Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands is the demand for self realization. Teachers anticipating the pupils to make their best will force the pupils to use their ain potency and at the same clip to fulfill their ain demand of self fulfillment. By giving the pupils freedom to research and detect on their ain, the instructors are able to do larning more meaningful for the pupils A pupil who fails to accomplish any of the old four demands may non be motivated to go on in the academic scene because of the intensions of defeat and misgivings in the instruction system. While Maslow ‘s hierarchy makes sense from a sociology point of position, there are defects in his theory. When Maslow undertook his research he did n't take 3rd universe states in consideration. There frequently safety is non given or their might non even experience comfy with in their environment, nevertheless, acquisition is still taking topographic point, as pupils are motivated by other factors. Thus might be hope of a better life, being cognizant that geting a 2nd linguistic communication will let them to go forth their milieus one twenty-four hours. Even in the UK as informant and my first school arrangement the first basic demand of Physiological Need was non fulfilled. Their some pupils came to school without holding had breakfast in the forenoon. The environment they had to larn in was non in my point of you educational exciting as Windowss could be closed or opened. Therefore, frequently pupils were to hot or excessively cold. However and this is of import to indicate out larning took topographic point. Therefore, the inquiry arouses why is that so if the first demand was n't f ulfilled why did n't pupils make a higher degree anyhow? As mentioned before a broad scope of literature has been written on Motivation and there are many different thoughts out at that place on what Motivates pupils ‘ . Every pupil has different demands. Those need differ from single to single as everybody has their single desires to actuate themselves. Gardner and Lambert ( 1959, 1972 ) have done radical work to look at the nature of motive specifically to linguistic communication surveies. Gardner high spots in a paper from 2007 ‘that Motivation to larn a 2nd linguistic communication is non a simple concept. It can non be measured by one graduated table ; possibly the whole scope of motive can non be assessed by even three or four graduated tables. It decidedly can non be assessed by simply inquiring persons to give grounds for why they think larning a linguistic communication is of import to them. ‘ ( Gardner, 2007 ) In 1982 Gardner and Lambert ( 1972:3 ) defined two different types of motive: 1 ) A Instrumental motive: the desire to larn a linguistic communication because it would carry through certain useful ends, such as acquiring aA occupation, go throughing an scrutiny, etc. 2 ) A Integrative motive: Gardner ‘s position is based on that the ‘ integratively motivated pupil is one who is motivated to larn the 2nd linguistic communication, has an openness to designation with the other linguistic communication community, and has a favourable attitude towards the acquisition state of affairs. ‘ ( Gardner and Masgoret, 2003 ) Differentiations have been made in the literature between ‘integrative † and ‘instrumental ‘ motive. However, Penny suggests ( 2005:276 ) that, research since so has cast uncertainty on the application of this claim to foreign linguistic communication scholars in general.A In any instance, at least one other survey has indicated that it may be impossible in pattern to separate between the two. An alternate differentiation, perchance more utile for instructors, is that between ‘intrinsic ‘ motive ( the impulse to prosecute in the acquisition activity for its ain interest ) and ‘extrinsic ‘ ( motive that is derived from external inducements ) . A Human existences in general are so different from each other. This does n't merely use to people but to pupils besides. Different pupils get motivated by different factors, therefore might be motivated per se or extrinsically. Up to a certain age pupils tend to acquire motivated by the possibility of having a dainty. Those dainty could be in the signifier of Sweets or more often used as witnessed by myself merit spines. When I was a kid within the German instruction system we would have small casts in the signifier of bees in the dorsum of our prep journal. We besides received classs from the first twelvemonth ahead. This besides was extremely actuating. Even so it merely extrinsically motivated us as pupils until we saw the intent of acquisition and our motive changed into intrinsic motive. We both types of motive I can see flaws. What happens if no wages system is introduces with in the schoolroom environment through classs, Sweets or virtues spines will larn still take topographic point? And on the other manus how do you actuate a kid to prosecute in larning for its ain interest? Captured within extrinsic and intrinsic motive are the thoughts of positive and negative support. These incentives are normally used in schoolrooms in order to arouse a desire to accomplish in pupils. Positive support is a manner of adding a enjoyable experience to a pupils head in order to prosecute that student. Praise is a common signifier of this ; a instructor who decently utilizes congratulations commends the student for his or her peculiar piece of work, non personal qualities that make the work particular. However, a instructor must be every bit sensitive to different civilizations as to the bulk civilization. Hitz and Driscoll ( 1989 ) point out that pupils from different socioeconomic categories, ability degrees, and genders may non react in the same manner to praise and may do pupils experience less worthy if they do non invariably receive congratulations. Self-government Theory Deci and Ryan ( 1985 ) introduced self-government theory and claimed that motive has three orientations viz. amotivation, extrinsic, and intrinsic. Amotivation takes topographic point when pupils do non value the activity that they are making, do non experience competent, and do non believe that the activity will profit them or take to a desired result ( Deci & A ; Ryan, 2000 ) . Extrinsic and intrinsic orientations are distinguished by whether the wages received is external such as having good classs or avoiding penalty, or internal, such as enjoyment and satisfaction in making a certain activity ( Dornyei, 1994 ) . When pupils are motivated because of a wages or effects that they will have for making or non making an activity, they are said to be extrinsically motivated. Deci and Ryan ( 2000 ) put extrinsic motive into four ordinances harmonizing to their degree of orientation toward self-government. External ordinance is the least self-determined extrinsic motive. Students who are externally regulated are those who do an activity due to an external wages or other considerations. The following degree is introjected ordinance. Students in this degree of extrinsic motive do non bask making an activity but they have a system of wages and penalty that is internally governed. The 3rd degree is identified ordinance where pupils are more self-determined. Students in this degree are engaged in an activity because they perceived that the activity is valuable to them. Finally, the most self-determined of extrinsic motive is integrated ordinance. This ordinance is performed by pupils who do non merely make the activity because the societal value says it is of value to them, but they do it because they themselves value the activity. This orientation resembles Do rnyeiaˆYs ideal ego ( 2005 ) in that all the properties that one would wish to possess can work as a really powerful incentive. It is besides really similar to intrinsic motive, yet at this phase pupils do non needfully bask making the undertakings. In some state of affairss, nevertheless, congratulations is non appropriate to supervise and modify pupils? behaviors. In general, behavior and attitude are highly of import aspects in the kingdom of motive, and instructors must be cognizant of agencies to halt behavior that is harmful to his, or other pupils larning. In some instances, the usage of negative support is appropriate. The construct of negative support is hard to learn and larn because the word negative confuses the significance, but the construct refers to beef up [ ing ] a behavior because a negative status is stopped or avoided as a effect of the behaviour. ? ( Levine, 1999 ) . In the schoolroom, this would be warning a pupil to halt a riotous behavior, such as researching inappropriate web sites on the Internet. Rather than utilize a wages to corrupt pupils to remain on undertaking, instructors can take away a positive force to take away the negative action. Many pupils are motivated by the chance of delighting the instructor, hence avoiding negative support, which can be abashing to a pupil. These general forms of motive are utile in the schoolroom, but instructors must besides be cognizant of a altering society in order to provide to pupils demands. In today ‘s universe where 10 twelvemonth olds can easy pull strings through the cyberspace, instructors must he trained in ways to use engineering in a schoolroom scene Autonomy Ushioda ( 2001 ) claimed that liberty is the demand to experience volitional. It is the province in which pupils perceive themselves as holding some picks in making a certain undertaking including a pick non to make the undertaking. Autonomy is one of the metacognitive elements that are needed in motivational behavior when acquisition. It is an attitude towards larning where pupils are responsible for their ain acquisition. It has been closely tied with the fulfillment of one ‘s demands that creates intrinsic motive ( Deci & A ; Ryan, 1985 ) . Dickinson ( 1995 ) argued that it leads to a better and more effectual accomplishment. Dornyei and Csizer ( 1998 ) listed advancing studentsaˆY liberty as one of the Ten Commandment that instructors have to maintain in head in heightening studentsaˆY motive. Motivational Schemes Last, Dornyei and Csizer ( 1998:215 ) performed an extended study where they investigated how 200 Magyar instructors of English worked with actuating their pupils during category. They came up with 10 of the most used schemes and these can be seen as a concise overview of what has antecedently been presented: 1. â€Å" Set a personal illustration with your ain behavior † . If the instructor acts as he/she would desire the pupils to move, the opportunities are greater that they really will so by demoing that the topic is merriment, interesting and of import this attitude might be transmitted to the pupils. 2. â€Å" Create a pleasant, relaxed atmosphere in the schoolroom † . If the ambiance is pleasant, the pupils are more likely to hold the bravery to show themselves in a 2nd linguistic communication, something which can frequently experience intimidating for many. 3. â€Å" Present the undertakings decently † If the undertakings are presented decently the pupils are less likely to happen content and assignments to be confounding and thereby lose motive to work because they do non understand what to make. 4. â€Å" Develop a good relationship with the scholars † . If the instructor has a good relationship with the pupils, they are more likely to experience comfy and unafraid during category. This will so increase the opportunities of the pupils experiencing motivated to larn the topic. 5. â€Å" Increase the scholars ‘ lingual assurance † . If the pupils ‘ assurance is increased, they are more likely to experience it is deserving their while to analyze and larn. Without assurance, the pupils tend to believe that it does non count whether they study or non, they will non win in the terminal anyhow. 6. â€Å" Make the linguistic communication classes interesting † . If the content of the English categories are perceived as interesting by the pupils, they are more likely to desire to larn it. 7. â€Å" Promote scholar liberty † . If the pupils learn how to work by themselves during category and to win after holding taken charge of an assignment themselves, this might do them see that they accomplished this by themselves and thereby actuate them to go on acquisition. 8. â€Å" Personalize the acquisition procedure † . If the acquisition procedure is personalized, which in this instance refers to the utilizing of relevant stuff and the integrating of the pupils ‘ ain personalities in the content of the topic, the pupils are more likely to encompass what is to be learned. 9. â€Å" Increase the scholars ‘ goal-orientedness † . If the instructor helps the pupils to put ends for themselves of what they want to carry through and larn, it becomes easier for the pupils to concretize how they need to travel about it in order to make the end. This manner, a end does non resemble an unsurmountable obstruction which might interfere with the pupils ‘ motive to larn an L2. 10. â€Å" Familiarize scholars with the mark linguistic communication civilization † . If the pupils know about the English states and their civilizations, the pupils ‘ attitudes towards the linguistic communication might better and thereby rendering the linguistic communication more interesting and actuating to larn.

The Most Beautiful Pieces Of Music - 1345 Words

How is it possible to create some of the most beautiful pieces of music the world has ever heard and the creator not be able to hear it himself? The world of music has seen many memorable composers such as Bach, Mozart, Chopin, and Vivaldi, but none has as amazing a story as Ludwig Van Beethoven. â€Å"His life played out like one of his beautiful symphonies, with unimaginable highs, lows, victories, and defeats,† (Viegas 5). Ludwig Van Beethoven was an 18th century classical composer famous for his nine symphonies, and is also recognized as one of the cornerstones of Western civilization through the legacy of his music. Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany. He was the son of Johann, a tenor of the court of the Elector of Cologne, who also taught violin and piano lessons, and the grandson of the man he was named after, who was the music director at the court of the Elector of Cologne. His mother, Maria, was the daughter of a cook and was never truly accepted by Johann’s father as his wife because of her social status. It is believed that Johann’s marriage to her defied his father. There is no record of his date of birth, but there is a record of the day he was baptised - December 17, 1770. In Roman Catholic tradition, a child is baptised the day after their birth, so it is commonly believed that Beethoven’s date of birth is December 16, 1770. He was the oldest of two other siblings - two other boys, Kasper Anton Karl, and Nikolaus Johann. An emotionally and sociallyShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Moonlight Sonata 1635 Words   |  7 PagesVan Beeth oven is one of the single most decorated composers and musicians in the history of mankind. The legendary German composer, though long deceased today, has left us with dozens and dozens of works composed and played by him for us to marvel at and understand the true meaning of music. Mainly known for his work and compositions with the piano, he composed pieces to be performed with multiple different instruments. My goal, however, is to explore one of the most popular compositions that he wroteRead MoreTranscultural Exoticism Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesWestern music has changed immensely and almost immeasurably over time. From the evolution of homophonic church songs, to the beautiful polyphonic music that wowed the church elite at the council of Trent. From the purging of music in public places by the congress of Vienna, to the private music culture that would blossom amongst the nobles there. Italian opera flourished and so did Germanic troupes. By the 1700s people had been usin g music to express their culture for a long time and certain music hadRead MoreConcert Report Mozart Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe two pieces being performed in this concert is Mozarts Symphony No. 40 and Mahler’s Das Lied von der Erde. The first piece that was played was Mozart’s Symphony No.40. This is a beautiful piece of music. There are 38 players in the orchestra for this piece. And they all played beautifully together. I love the rich and sharp sounds of the violins they blended in well with the rest of the orchestra. The string set the mood for the rest of the song. The second piece of music played wasRead MoreConcert Intime Is A Wonderful Dance Performance885 Words   |  4 Pageschoreographers, and talented Chapman students brought audiences an intimate and colorful evening with seven performance pieces. They were Innumerable, Metamorphosis, Children of the Drum, All as One, and And the Winner Is. In each piece, audiences could enjoy a unique story in the past or modern life and a great combination of customs, light, music, and body languages. The first performance piece was Innumerable choreographed by Cristina McKeever. It was based on the famous documentary Numbered by Danna DoronRead MoreFrederic Chopin as the Greatest Romantic Composer Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesIn the course of the development of music, many great composers have contributed their brilliance towards the revolution of music. To be a great composer does not necessarily mean that they have reached a vast amount of fame. However, it means that their compositions have ingenuity and value. The melodies they have cleverly created have reached a point of worthiness in the world of music. For it is the sweet harmonies a composer creates that defines who he is. One of these gifted composers was FredericRead MoreJohn Cage Is The Epitome Of A Cutting Edge Composer1221 Words   |  5 Pagescutting edge composer. This is due to the fact that cage has achieved an appreciation for music which is unmatched by any other composer. Cage enjoys sounds because of t heir dynamics and their lengths, something other composers usually overlook. This gives him the advantage to compose music in a unique manner; he can make music that is unmatched by others. This is what undoubtedly makes him one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. One significant reason why cage is consideredRead MorePiano Music Essay518 Words   |  3 PagesThe beautiful sound of piano music has captured the hearts of people since the early eighteenth century. Since then, many musicians have dedicated their lives to this instrument. Some players even play piano so well that it may seem that this instrument is easy to play. However, to be able to play the piano well isn’t easy; it takes a lot of skill. To become a good piano player, one must love music very much, have good finger techniques, and body flexibility. To become a good piano player, oneRead MoreWestern Art Music : A Constant State Of Flux Since Its Creation1426 Words   |  6 PagesWestern art music has been in a constant state of flux since its creation. Evolving due to generations constantly contributing and evolving music in order to express what they believe music is and express how they feel. This love and dedication towards music has been unparalleled and unwavering for hundreds of years from sacred medieval music to modern day pop hits. Western Art music began taking the shape that we know today after the fall of Rome with Medieval music. Almost all music from that timeRead MoreThe Realm Of Classical Music1297 Words   |  6 Pagesrealm of classical music is a relatively veiled in the sphere of popular culture, but if you take the time to scour through the beautiful, sometimes hundreds of years old pieces, you will be surprised by the magnificence and allure that the classical music genre can offer. There are three categories of classical music that can be observed throughout the extensive universe of classical pieces, absolute music, program music, and characteristic music or character pieces. Absolute music is primarily instrumental